Mohammad Toaha was severely injured while trying to snatch away a rifle from a policeman and had to be admitted to hospital. A number of people and students including Jabbar, Rafiq, Barkat and Salam were martyred and many students and people were injured. TopperBD has been providing latest and authentic information of the current world since July,2017. Opinion was divided as to whether or not to violate Section 144. A lifelong supporter of the mother language, he dedicated his services to acquiring the due recognition of Bangla language in the initial phase of the Language Movement in 1947 and later on as a lawmaker and as the President. When the students emerged in groups, shouting slogans, the police resorted to baton charge; even the female students were not spared. Mohammad Ali Zinnah on 21 March  1948                              Protest of the students. Abdul Haque had written many more essays on Bangla language and Bengali nationalism during the 1948-1952 Language Movement. Accordingly, the Students erected a 12-feet high Shaheed Minar in front of DMC. As the President of the East Pakistan Arabic Association, he also campaigned for We have created this site to establish social network among the people of the world. The Dhaka University Language Action Committee was formed on 11 March 1950 with Abdul Matin as its convener. There is no doubt that the “language issue” did not prominently manifest in Bengal province before, during, after the general elections of either 1936-37 or 1945-46. In April 1949 the students of the Bengali Department, DU submitted a memorandum to Pakistan Education Advisory Board protesting against this objectionable proposal. The Language Movement of 1952 was the first organized expression of the consciousness of the exploited and deprived masses of Bangladesh. Short History: When the Dominion of Pakistan was formed by the partition of India in 1947 The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised. The Language Movement is a very ... Pakistan started losing its case to remain united as one nation on 21stFebruary 1952. al., Bangladesher Itihas, P. 479]]. First, after a great sacrifice of innocent human lives it established Bangla as a state language of Pakistan. Language is most certainly a living thing, and wow, has it lived through a lot. A new committee to fight for Bangla as the state language was formed with Shamsul Huq as convener. A meeting of the Central Language Action Committee was held on 20 February under the chairmanship of abul hashim. Strikes were observed from 12 March to 15 March. Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah defends Bangla as the state language on 29th July, 1947. College Alumni Association (a Silchar based college of repute) in New Delhi to mark fifty years of the movement, the discussion, among others, raised an interesting issue: the message of the language movement, May 19, and eleven dead protesters was not to remain confined to Barak Valley. The people of East Pakistan started losing faith in the Muslim League. The Language Movement is a ... after the partition of 1947. In the face of continuous student’s and people’s Movements the Pakistan Government was compelled to give Bengali the status of one of the state languages. There was a growing sense of deprivation and exploitation in East Pakistan and a realisation that a new form of colonialism had replaced British imperialism. [Bashir Al Helal], http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Language_Movement&oldid=18198. Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. Historical Background of 1952 Language Movement, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), mportance of Computers in the Business World, List of postal codes in Bangladesh(All Division), Thousands Of Failures But Thousands Of Patents, Eminent Islamic scholar and speaker Mizanur Rahman Azhari, XI CLASS ADMISSION SYSTEM SESSION 2020-2021, HSC results on 17 July 2019-check All board HSC/equivalent result, rivate university Ranking 2018 in Bangladesh, Importance of Computers in the Business World, Postal Zip Codes (postcode) for Rangpur Division. My … The central leaders, including liaquat ali khan, prime minister of Pakistan, and khwaja nazimuddin, chief minister of East Bengal, opposed the motion. On 27 January 1952, Khwaja Nazimuddin came to Dhaka from Karachi. Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, a former Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh University of India Suggested that “Urdu” Should be the state language of Pakistan. During the Pakistani rule, East Pakistan was subjected to severe economic disparity. The Samgram Parishad called a general strike on 11 March 1948 to resist the conspiracy of the Government in the language issue. Student leaders, including Abdul Matin and abdul malek ukil, also took part in the procession and picketing. On receiving the news that the motion had been rejected, students, intellectuals and politicians of East Pakistan became agitated. Dr. Shahidullah continued his efforts for protecting his mother tongue after independence and his principle stand on this issue added much confidence and legitimacy to language movement in both 1948 and 1952 phases. Police opened fire on this rally too. But in the evening of 24 February, police demolished this Shaheed Minar. It was proposed that the members would have to speak either in Urdu or in English at the Assembly. February 21 had been chosen as the State Language Day since the East Pakistan Provincial assembly was scheduled to sit on that day. At the Legislative Assembly building, the session was about to begin. As a result, a wide gap was in the relation between East and West Pakistan. Language Movement Even before the creation of Pakistan, there was a demand to make Bangla the national language. An All-Party Central Language Action Committee was formed with Kazi Golam Mahboob as its convener. Professor Abul Kashem, Dr. Qazi Motahar Hossain and Abul Mansur. All-Party Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad and Protest on 11 March 1948: On 2 March 1948  formed the All-Party Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad. Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah defends Bangla as the state language on 29th July, 1947. • Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. Rahim et. Khwaja Nazimuddin had succeeded Liaquat Ali Khan as prime minister of Pakistan. Since 1952, 21 February has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement. Formation of Sangram Parishad: In January 1948 the Rastrabhasha Sangram Parishad was reconstituted with a view to making Bengali a state language. As preparations for demonstrations were underway, the government imposed Section 144 in the city of Dhaka, banning all assemblies and demonstrations. There was an instantaneous, negative reaction to this speech among the students who responded with the slogan, 'Rashtrabhasha Bangla Chai' (We want Bangla as the state language). On 23 February, at the spot where students had been killed, a memorial was erected. The milestone historic events towards the emergence of Bangladesh starting from 1952 to 1971. This consciousness born out of the Language Movement inspired all the subsequent Movements and helped achieving the political, the cultural and the economic freedom leading to independence. On September 2, 1947 some students of the University of Dhaka formed “Tomaddun Mojlish”, a cultural organization. On receipt of this information, East Pakistani students became agitated and held a meeting on the Dhaka University campus on 6 December 1947, demanding that Bangla be made one of the state languages of Pakistan. With UNESCO adopting a resolution on 17 November 1999 proclaiming 21 February as international mother language day. The first movement on this issue was mobilised by Tamaddun Majlish headed by Professor Abul Kashem. On the other hand, Bengalis wanted to make their language the state language along with Urdu and had no objections against that language’. When he repeated these words at the Dhaka University Convocation Ceremony held on 24 March at the Curzon Hall, the students protested vehemently by shouting ‘No, No’. The Language Movement began in 1948 and reached its climax in the killings of 21 February 1952, and ended in the adoption of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised immediately after its creation. A new party, the Awami Muslim League-which would later become the awami league-was formed under the leadership of maulana abdul hamid khan bhasani in 1949. As everything was controlled by the Centre, all the income of East Pakistan flew away to West Pakistan. But Awami League  did not form the government. In reality, East Pakistan was politically neglected by Pakistan from the very beginning. On various pretexts the foreign exchange was also spent in West Pakistan. Both Bangla and Urdu were thus enacted to be the state languages of Pakistan. Language Movement began in 1948 and reached its climax in the killing of 21 February 1952, and ended in the adoption of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. No Bengali could be found in the high posts in the Defense Services as those posts were monopolized by the West Pakistanis. But he rejected the proposal. On September 2, 1947 some students of the University of Dhaka formed “Tomaddun Mojlish”, a cultural organization. At one stage, the police opened fire. Formation of Tamuddin Majlish: On 15 September 1947 Tamuddun Majlis published the booklet on the Language Movement entitled ‘Pakistaner Rastrabhasha Bangla Na Urdu’. Major events in history have not only changed the world in significant ways, but they have also transformed the ways we speak. Newspapers such as the Azad also criticised of the politicians who had rejected the motion. The movement achieved its goal by forcing the Pakistan Constituent Assembly in adopting both Bangla and Urdu as the state languages of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was in session at Karachi-then the capital of Pakistan-from 23 February 1948. The first Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad (Language Action Committee) was formed towards the end of December with Professor Nurul Huq Bhuiyan of Tamaddun Majlish as the convener. At last, the Government of Nurul Amin adopted a resolution in the Provincial  Assembly to the effect that a proposal would be raised at the Constituent Assembly containing the demand to accord Bengali the status of one of the state languages of Pakistan. Published in two installments in the Kolkata daily "Ittehad" on 22 and 29 June 1947, the article argued for Bangla as Pakistan's state language. In the Assembly, nurul amin, chief minister of East Pakistan, continued to oppose the demand for Bangla. Muslim scholars and leaders logically believed that Urdu, only spoken by 7%, should be the lingua franca because it had gained a reputation as the cultural symbol of subcontinental Muslims. Head offices of the State Bank and other banks, insurance companies, trading concerns and foreign missions were established in West Pakistan. With the political crisis, the economic condition in East Pakistan also deteriorated. Today is International Mother Language Day that has its roots in the Bengali Language Movement in what was then East Pakistan and later Bangladesh. The Language Movement is a unique event in the history of the political Movement of Bangladesh. The representatives of various political and cultural organisations held a meeting on 31 January chaired by Moulana Bhasani. The constitution of Pakistan since its inception in 1947 faced challenges because of … Both Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan were dead-Jinnah on 11 September 1948 and Liaquat Ali Khan on 16 October 1951. dhirendranath datta, a member from the East Pakistan Congress Party, moved an amendment motion to include Bangla as one of the languages of the Constituent Assembly. Although 56 percent of the people of Pakistan were Bengalis, the West Pakistani didn’t want Bengali to become the state language. Addressing a meeting at Paltan Maidan, he said that the people of the province could decide what would be the provincial language, but only Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan. On the same day, in a meeting of the students held at the Dhaka Medical College hostel, it was decided to build a Shaheed Minar. The language movement was one of thefirst movement against the discrimination against Bengali people. But the jute farmers could never get the fair price for their products. The headquarters of the three Defense Services were established in West Pakistan. Importance of Language movement in 1952 » The Language Movement is one of the most important days in our history. The language movement of 1948-1952, which was divided into two-stage movement. From 1947 to 1958, among all the presidents of Pakistan, one was from East Pakistan who spoke in Urdu and among four Governors within 1955; one was from East Pakistan who spoke in Urdu. In memory of that, another Shaheed Minar was built later on the same site and that is the present Central Shaheed Minar. Language Movement Day, also called State Language Day or Language Martyrs' Day, is a national holiday of Bangladesh taking place on 21 February each year and commemorating the Bengali language movement and its martyrs.On this day, people visit Shaheed Minars to pay homage to the movement's martyrs, and arrange seminars discussing and promoting Bengali as the state language of Bangladesh. In the general elections held on 7 December 1970, the Awami League acquired an absolute majority. Three young men, rafiq uddin ahmed, abdul jabbar and abul barkat (an MA student of Political Science) were fatally wounded. In a tense situation the students assembled in the campus. Announcement of Muhammad Ali Jinnah: On 21 March 1948, Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited Dhaka and addressed a public meeting at the then Race Course Maidan. On that day, many students were injured and many leaders including Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Shamsul Huq and Oli Ahad were arrested. A nine-year-old boy named Ohiullah was also killed. The East Bengal Legislative Assembly adopted a resolution recommending the recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. 144 Section:  On 20 February the Government of Nurul Amin, being scared of the student Movement imposed section 144 at 3 p.m., and banned the processions and the meetings. September 15, 1947 Tamuddun Majlis (Cultural Society, ... January 26, 1952 ... “The Language Movement added a new dimension to politics in Pakistan. Major Events of Language Movement After death of Moahammad Ali Jinnah, Nazimudding became the new governor general of Pakistan. Meanwhile, serious preparation was being taken in various forums of the central government of Pakistan under the initiative of Fazlur Rahman, the central education minister, to make Urdu the only state language of Pakistan. Among them abdus salam, a peon at the Secretariat, subsequently succumbed to his wounds. A brief history of the Bangla language movement Today we celebrate International Mother Language day. On 23 February: the father of Shaheed Safiur Rahman formally inaugurated the Shaheed Minar. Landslide victory in the provincial election in 1954 (out of 309 seats of the East Bengal Legislative Assembly the United Front got 236, the Muslim League 9), Reorganization of the Bangla Language  (1956), Reflection in educational conference (1962), Landslide victory in the general election (1970), Observed 21st February as an International, Observed 2008 as ‘Year of Language’ by UN, International Status of Bangla Language (Sierra Leone). Language Movement Even before the creation of Pakistan, there was a demand to make Bangla the national language. Formation of Purbo Bangla Bhasha Committee: On 9 March 1949 the Government of East Bengal formed the Purbo Bangla Bhasha Committee for reforming Bengali language. Bengali was the mother tongue of about 56 percent of the people of Pakistan. This declaration created a strong resentment and as a mark of protest a call for hartal throughout the province was given. Rahim et. 21 February: On 21 February, the students of Dhaka University in an organized way defied section 144 and leading a procession from the University campus proceeded towards the Provincial Assembly which was in session, chanting the slogan “Rashtrabhasha.Bangla Chai”. The public performed a janaza (prayer service for the dead) and brought out a mourning procession, which was attacked by the police and the army resulting in several deaths, including that of a young man named Shafiur Rahman. Bengalis were beginning to perceive that they were being discriminated against in business, government service and all spheres of trade and commerce. A meeting was held on the Dhaka University premises. muhammed ali jinnah, the governor general of Pakistan, came to visit East Pakistan on 19 March. [Source: M.A. By the beginning of 1952, the Language Movement took a serious turn. Under these circumstances, the Language Movement got a new momentum in 1952. This page was last modified on 1 March 2015, at 11:06. Under such circumstances the government had to give in. Thousands of students from different schools and colleges of Dhaka assembled on the university campus while armed police waited outside the gate. It has been suggested that the freedom … The Bengali Language Movement (Bengali: ভাষা আন্দোলন Bhasha Andolôn) was a political movement in former East Bengal (renamed East Pakistan in 1956 and Bangladesh in 1971) advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of the then-Dominion of Pakistan in order to allow its use in government affairs, the continuation of its use as a medium of education, its use in media, currency and stamps, and to maintain its writing in the Bengali script. On 22 February: A big rally, came out on the street as a mark of protest. This page has been accessed 91,412 times. The language movement continued until 1956. The language movement of 1952 was a turning point in the history on many counts. In such a situation, the Chief Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin met the Sangram Parishad on 15 March and signed an agreement with them. Language Movement occupies a most glorious chapter in the history of Bangladesh.The importance of the Movement lies in the fact that it was this Language Movement which provided socio-politico-psychological basis on which subsequent movement for regional autonomy grew in the then East Pakistan leading ultimately to the emergence of the separate sovereign nationhood of Bangladesh in … Meeting of All Party Rashtrabhasha Sangram Committee: The Committee decided to call a strike on 4 February and observe 21 February as the State Language Day and to observe hartal in the country. Bangladesh appeared on the world map as an independent country in 1971 after a nine-month war of liberation in which nearly one million people died. The Awami League secured 167 seats out of 169 National Assembly seats in East Pakistan and won 288 out of 300 seats in the Provincial Assembly. 25/07/2017 It was decided that 11 March would be declared ‘Bengali Language Demand Day’. The police used tear gas to disperse the students. Gradually many other non-communal and progressive organisations joined the movement, which finally turned into a mass movement. Education Conference in Karachi: In December 1947 an Educational Conference was held in Karachi sponsored by the Government of Pakistan. As a result, Safiur Rahman was killed. Political, military, administrative and economic discrimination had been increasing gradually. While the security of East Pakistan was uncertain, the province was also subjected to serious discrimination in military matters. 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