[10], The award was briefly suspended twice in its history. Several bestowals of the award have met with criticism. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first sportsperson to receive the honour. "Truth alone triumphs"), inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge. In January 2008, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader L. K. Advani wrote to the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recommending Singh's predecessor Atal Bihari Vajpayee for the award. Kolkata: An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments […] [36][37] The decision was criticised for awarding Ramachandran before independence activist B. R. Ambedkar and Vallabhbhai Patel, who were bestowed the honour in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Bharat Ratna Winners List 1947-2020 (Latest List) Pranab Mukherjee (2019):-He is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017.Nanaji Deshmukh (2019):-He was a social activist from India.He worked in the … Vallabhbhai Patel (1991) - Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister,Was responsible for unification of all Indian princely states. Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen – Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians: Abdul Ghaffar Khan (born in British India and later citizen of Pakistan) and Nelson Mandela, born in and citizen of South Africa. The Solicitor General noted that to confer the award per the appropriate regulations pertaining to the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, the name of the recipient must be published in The Gazette of India and entered in the recipients register maintained under the direction of the President. [5] The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute, and Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1966. Sudipta Bhattacharya, president of the … This claim is not completely true as the then President of India, Rajendra Prasad confessed to have decided to confer this award on Nehru suo motu. Bhimsen Joshi (2009) - Hindustani classical singer, Bismillah Khan (2001) - Hindustani classical shehnai player, Gopinath Bordoloi (1999) - Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam, Amartya Sen (1999) - Economist from Kolkata and a Noble laureate, Ravi Shankar(1999) - Sitar player from Calcutta, Jayaprakash Narayan(1998) - Posthumous, independence activist and politician, Chidambaram Subramaniam(1998) -Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture, M. S. Subbulakshmi(1998) - Carnatic classical singer, Aruna Asaf Ali (1997) - Posthumous, independence activist, Gulzarilal Nanda (1997) - Independence activist, interim Prime Minister, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam(1997) - Aeronautical Engineer, 11th President of India, J. R. D. Tata (1992) - Industrialist and philanthropist, Abul Kalam Azad(1992) - Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education, Morarji Desai (1991) Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister. Bharat Ratna 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (for his contributions to welfare economics) Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award. On the other hand, it needed more positive things for the government to be done," said Sen, also the recipient of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1999. [51][52] This was immediately followed by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) lobbying for their leader, Jyoti Basu, former Chief Minister of West Bengal. Please mail us your content to editor@onlinegk.com, First Chief Minister of Various States in India, India Rankings 2020 for Higher Educational Institutions, Panchsheel Agreement : Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, Prime Minister of India & Cabinet Ministers. Amartya Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher who got Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in the year 1998. In 1992, the government's decision to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose was opposed by those who had refused to accept the fact of his death, including some members of his extended family. [13][24][25][26][27], Jawaharlal Nehru has been targeted of awarding Bharat Ratna to himself while serving as Prime Minister of India in 1955. Usage of the title 'Bharat Ratna' as a prefix by the awardee is exempt from Article 18 (1) of the Constitution,[b] as per the Supreme Court's precedent in Balaji Raghavan/S.P. His government withdrew all personal civil honours on 13 July 1977. An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a “Bharat Ratna” during the phone call. [11] The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation. Hazarika died on 5 November 2011, at the age of 85. An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a "Bharat Ratna during the phone call. [2], A year later, the design was modified. Sen won the Nobel in economics in 1998 and was awarded Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, the next year. In 1999, Amartya Sen was awarded the Bharat Ratna, a year after his 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. [7][61], A PIL was filed in the Karnataka High Court where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the Ministry of Home Affairs to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon Mahatma Gandhi. He claims to have had the roots of his education at Santiniketan. A 2-inch-wide (51 mm) white ribbon is attached to the medal so it can be worn around the neck. [62][63], The Bharat Ratna ceremony is usually held at. Independence activist Azad was India's first Minister of Education and worked towards free primary education. Widely credited as the "nightingale of India", The recipient of Honorary Doctorates from 63 Universities including, Having debuted in 1989, Tendulkar played 664, Scholar and educational reformer Malaviya is a founder of, Parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected nine times to the, Mukherjee was an Indian politician who served as the, Hazarika (8 September 1926 – 5 November 2011) was an Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet and film-maker from, Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh also known as Nanaji Deshmukh (11 October 1916 – 27 February 2010) was a social activist from. He worked on the causes of famine and developed practical solutions for preventing shortages of … He showed interest in the problems of the poorest members of the society. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgement that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution". Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order, without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. [16], Following the announcement, in November 2013, that C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar were to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, multiple PILs were filed challenging the conferring of the award. There is no monetary grant associated with the award. The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended from July 1977 to January 1980, during the change in the national government; and for a second time from August 1992 to December 1995, when several public-interest litigations challenged the constitutional validity of the awards. [13][16], The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. Independence activist Desai was the fourth Prime Minister of India (1977–79). [30], On 23 January 1992, a press release was published by the President's Secretariat to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose. [4] The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. Bharat Ratna Awardees (1947-2020) The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C. V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Amartya Sen offers to return Bharat Ratna, if Vajpayee asks New Delhi, Jul 25: A major slugfest erupted today over BJP MP Chandan Mitra's demand for stripping nobel laureate Amartya Sen … A Division bench comprising Chief Justice D.H. Waghela and Justice B.V. Nagarathna dismissed the petition stating that the subject is not amenable to any adjudication process and the nominations and conferment process is stated to be informal and in the discretion of the highest authority in the Government. [38] While Ravi Shankar was accused of lobbying for the award,[39] the decision by Indira Gandhi to posthumously honour K. Kamaraj was considered to have been aimed at placating Tamil voters for the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1977. Sabharwal,D.P. The embossed sun burst design, made of platinum, on the obverse side of the medal has a diameter of 5⁄8 inch (16 mm) with rays spreading out from 5⁄6 inch (21 mm) to 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) from the center of the Sun. [35], In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on movie actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran, in a bid to influence voters prior to the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1989. New York- Superstardom is not the normal lot of a professor of Economics, but soft-spoken Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen is something of a national treasure for India.From free Air India flights to a dessert named after him, the unassuming professor from Bengal has been awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award. They hold informative and entertaining content that is of general or special interest. Madan Mohan Malaviya died on 12 November 1946, at the age of 84. [26] Another PIL was filed against Tendulkar and a few ministers, "alleging a conspiracy to ignore" an Indian field hockey player Dhyan Chand. Earlier, Abul Kalam Azad had refused the Bharat Ratna while he was the. The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion. Gandhi was the sixth Prime Minister of India serving from 1984 to 1989. The current medal is in the shape of a peepal leaf, approximately 2 5⁄16 inches (59 mm) long, 1 7⁄8 inches (48 mm) wide and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick and rimmed in platinum. economics. I think this is your curiosity, can he really get Bharat Ratna? Sen was born in Shantiniketan, West Bengal November 1933. [44], A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition. It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka,[41] Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore,[42] Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda,[43] and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. [29] Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously after he was assassinated by LTTE in 1991. [54] Similar demands were made by Telugu Desam Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, and Shiromani Akali Dal for their respective leaders N. T. Rama Rao, Kanshi Ram, and Parkash Singh Badal. [27][c], On 4 December 2013, the Election Commission rejected the petition stating that conferring the award on people from non-polling states did not amount to a violation of the code. [58] Bindra had earlier been recommended for the award in May 2013 by the National Rifle Association of India. Pranab Mukherjee (2019) - He became India's youngest finance minister in 1982 at the age of 47. He established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started. Rajiv Gandhi (1991) - Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister. The PIL filed against Rao declared that other Indian scientists, such as Homi Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai, had contributed more than Rao and his claim of publishing 1400 research papers was "physically impossible". The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President. [44][45] Similarly in 2015, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to award Madan Mohan Malaviya, who died in 1946, met with criticism. The court declined to pass any judgement on the posthumous mention of Bose and his death. Aruna Asaf Ali died on 29 July 1996, at the age of 87. All three of them, in their sixties, were still relatively young. SANTINIKETAN: Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen on Tuesday responded to Visva-Bharati vice-chancellor Bidyut Chakraborty’s reported comments about him, made at an online faculty meeting last week, calling the remarks “absurd”. B. R. Ambedkar died on 6 December 1956, at the age of 65. The posthumous award for M. G. Ramachandran (1988) was considered to have been aimed at placating the voters for the upcoming assembly election and posthumous awards of Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015) and Vallabhbhai Patel (1991) drew criticism because they died before the award was instituted. [3][11][21] In 1957, the silver-gilt decoration was changed to burnished bronze. This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 14:01. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award. Bharat Ratna Awards have long been considered as the highest civilian awards that are conferred upon distinctive personalities. [11] The first suspension occurred after Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister in 1977. [28] Similar claims have been made with regards to his daughter Indira Gandhi but this accusation has also been found to be somewhat correct. On 25 January 2019, the government announced the award to social activist Nanaji Deshmukh (posthumously), singer-music director Bhupen Hazarika (posthumously) and to the former President of India, Pranab Mukherjee. [3], There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. [8][a] As of 2015[update], the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. Rabindranath Tagore gave Sen his । name-which means immortal Sen studied at Rabindranath Tagore’s Visva-Bharati University School. Amartya Sen Biography . Often titled as "Rajarshi", Tandon was an independence activist and served as speaker of the. Amartya Sen, the recipient of the Nobel Prize and the Bharat Ratna Puruskar, is definitely one of the most treasured Indian citizens. The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. [b] On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. [53] Basu, India's longest-serving chief minister at that time, said that he would decline the honour, even if awarded. This year’s Nobel prize in Economics went to three ... he was quickly awarded the Bharat Ratna by the then government. [34] Other High Courts as well rejected the petitions raised against Rao and Tendulkar. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are registered in the Gazette. The first singer to be awarded Bharat Ratna was M. S. Subbulakshmi. A maximum of three nominees is awarded this prestigious award each year. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. From 2004, he went on to head three crucial ministries - external affairs, defence and finace. And hailed from Tamil Nadu. The text "Bharat Ratna", in Devanagari Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. Abul Kalam Azad died on 22 February 1958, at the age of 69. The petitioner noted that as Tendulkar was an Indian National Congress nominated Member of Rajya Sabha, the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna would influence the voters of Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Mizoram where the election process was underway at the time. Bharat Ratna Award. Lal Bahadur Shastri died on 11 January 1966, at the age of 61. This design was altered after a year. Satyajit Ray received an Academy Honorary Award in 1992 followed by the Bharat Ratna the same year. [4] The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations. They are published either once or d →, Founded on: 7 April 1948. Share on Facebook Tweet it Share on Google Pin it Share it Email The VC or any other senior official of the central university could not be reached for comments. Amartya Sen was born in a Hindu family in Bengal, British India, in the district of modern day Bangladesh, Manikganj. ", "Government of Tamil Nadu: Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 192", "Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan: The Philosopher President", "About Us—Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Varanasi", "Engineer's Day in India: celebrating M. 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S. Subbulakshmi commemorated with a doodle", "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998", "Biographical note: Amartya Sen: Thomas W. Lamont University Professor, and Professor of Economics and Philosophy", "Assam Legislative Assembly—Chief Ministers since 1937", "In Assam, Narendra Modi describes how Congress 'betrayed' it", "India's Nightingale Lata Mangeshkar turns 82 today", "Torch-bearers of kirana gharana, and their followers", "Indian Fellow: Professor Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao", "Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records/Batting records; Most runs in career", "History of BHU: The Capital of all Knowledge", "Speech of Prime Minister at the Commemoration of 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya inaugural function", "Profile: Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee: March 19, 1998 – May 22, 2004 [Bhartiya Janta Party]", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharat_Ratna&oldid=993041412, Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Pages using infobox award with unknown parameters, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, An image of the Sun along with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in, An Indian independence activist, statesman, and lawyer, Rajagopalachari was the only Indian and last, Philosopher Radhakrishnan served as India's first, Widely known for his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect, better known as ", Independence activist, philosopher, and educationist, Das is a co-founder of, Independence activist and author, Nehru is the first and the, Independence activist Pant was premier of, Social reformer and educator, Karve is widely known for his works related to woman education and remarriage of Hindu widows. The latest recipient of the Bharat Ratna was Former President of India Pranab Mukherjee, who died on 31st August 2020. An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a ''Bharat Ratna during the phone call. The suit stated that as Rao had proven cases of plagiarism, he should not be presented with the award but rather should be annulled. New Delhi: "Despotic and authoritarian" is how Nobel Laureate and Bharat Ratna Amartya Sen describes the decision to abruptly ban 500- and 1000-rupee notes. He was the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu during 1977–80, 1980–84 and 1985–87; and founder of Indian political party. Rupa Publications. [23], The Bharat Ratna has been surrounded by several controversies and multiple Public-Interest Litigations (PILs) had been filed against the conferral of the award. [49][50], Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President,[4] there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour, given for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science, Sports and in recognition of Public Service of the highest order. Desai had earlier abolished the awards while he was in the office of Prime Minister for it being "worthless and politicised". Nelson Mandela(1990) - Second non-citizen and non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement and Noble laureate, B. R. Ambedkar (1990) - Posthumous, Chief architect of the Indian Constitution,Crusader against Untouchability, Dalit Icon, Social Reformer, Historian, politician, economist, and scholar, M. G. Ramachandran (1988) - Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) - First non-citizen, independence activist, Vinoba Bhave (1983) - Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist, Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1980) - Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata and Noble laureate, K. Kamaraj (1976) - Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State, V. V. Giri (1975) - Trade unionist and fourth President, Indira Gandhi (1971) - Third Prime Minister,The First Woman Prime Minister of India(1966-1977,1980-1984), Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966) - Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister, Pandurang Vaman Kane(1963) - Indologist and Sanskrit scholar, Zakir Hussain (1963) - Independence activist, Scholar, third President, Rajendra Prasad (1962) - Independence activist, jurist, first President, Purushottam Das Tandon (1961) - Independence activist, educator, Bidhan Chandra Roy (1961) - A physician, political leader, philanthropist, educationist, and social worker. [2][3], The original 1954 specifications of the award was a circle made of gold 1 3⁄8 inches (35 mm) in diameter with a centred sun burst design on the obverse side. "The alleged objective of … [2][22] The Bharat Ratna medals are produced at Alipore Mint, Kolkata along with the other civilian and military awards like Padma Vibushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Param Veer Chakra. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 48 individuals, including 16 who were awarded posthumously. He was the 13th President of India from 2012 to 2017. Gopinath Bordoloi died on 5 August 1950, at the age of 60. Furthermore, the then presidents, Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1987–92) and Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–97), had not conferred a Sanad (certificate) with their signature and seal. Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour, given for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science, Sports and in recognition of Public Service of the highest order. Mr Bhattacharya stated that the VC had claimed during a recent online meeting with the faculty that he had got a phone call from a person who introduced himself as "Bharat Ratna Amartya Sen… A physician, political leader, philanthropist, educationist, and social worker, Roy is often considered as "Maker of Modern West Bengal". [46] The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Following a 1997 Supreme Court decision, the press communiqué announcing Bose's award was cancelled; it is the only time when the award was announced but not conferred. A platinum State Emblem of India was placed in the center of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" in Devanagari Script (Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते; lit. It's a good question, In the name of Abhijeet Banarjee, among many political questions, this question is a very logical question, this question is not political, I thought so. [57] In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the Prime Minister's Office. Wing Commander (2008). [14][15] The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed, one in the Kerala High Court and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court, challenging the "constitutional validity" of the awards. The award was proposed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K. R. Narayanan who agreed to the proposal. Recipients whose awards have been revoked are required to surrender their medals, and their names are struck from the register. When an eminent public intellectual like Amartya Sen speaks, the legitimacy of the government stands either diminished or enhanced. Independence activist, social reformer, and commonly referred as "Lok Nayak" ("People's Hero"), Narayan is better known for "Total Revolution Movement" or "JP Movement" initiated during the mid-1970s to "overthrow the corrupt and exploitative Congress government". [31][32], To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. We are now more than 7000 people from more than 1 →, In 2009, an unknown programmer by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto put forward a whitepaper that proposed a creation of new form of digital currency - cryptocurrency. Nanaji Deshmukh (2019) - (Posthumous) Nanaji Deshmukh, a social activist was known for his immense contributions in the field of education, health and rural self reliance. [31], On 4 August 1997, the Supreme Court delivered an order that since the award had not been officially conferred, it cannot be revoked and declared that the press communiqué be treated as cancelled. However, he believes that unless the government focuseson improving and developing the terrible social conditions and infrastructure that plagues the majority of the Indian population, there can be no rapid economic growth. Independence activist, lawyer, statesman, and scholar, Independence activist and education philosopher, Husain served as a Vice Chancellor of, Known as the "King Maker", Kamaraj was an independence activist and statesman. Citing Adam Smith’s 1776 prediction that separatin… The recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion without any monetary grant. Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen has been awarded the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian honour in the land. Bharat Ratnas. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution. Kolkata, Dec 16 (PTI) An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a Bharat Ratna during the phone call. Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015) - (Posthumous) Scholar and educational reformer and founder of Banaras Hindu University. ", "Freedom of Expression: Indians are Becoming Increasingly Intolerant", "Uneasy lies crown that awaits Ratna—Advani proposes Vajpayee's name, method and timing fuel murmurs", "Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal", "Jyoti Basu can be given Bharat Ratna: CPI (M)", "Shiv Sena starts drive to collect 10 lakh signatures to get Bharat Ratna for Vinayak Damodar Savarkar", "Shiv Sena demands Bharat Ratna for Veer Savarkar", "Savarkar doesn't need an award for recognition, says grand-nephew", "Fans hold rally demanding Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand", "Dhyan Chand, not Sachin Tendulkar, is Sports Ministry's choice for Bharat Ratna", "National Rifle Association of India recommends Abhinav Bindra for Bharat Ratna", "Sports ministry recommended Dhyan Chand for Bharat Ratna", "I have no hope of Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand now: Ashok Kumar", "Dhyan Chand deserved Bharat Ratna more than Sachin", "Bharat Ratna: If Sachin Tendulkar deserves it then why not Dhyan Chand? 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