バンクシア（Banksia）は、ヤマモガシ科の属のひとつ。 約80種が含まれる。 オーストラリア原産。オーストラリアのもっとも乾燥した地域を除く全域に産する。特徴的な花序と果穂を持ち、オーストラリア産の野生の花の中では有名で人気があり、よく庭木として利用される。 Spathulatae for the taxa having spoon-shaped cotyledons; thus B. subg. [7] The cellular makeup of the leaves shows evidence of lignification, and the leaves themselves are somewhat stiff. Others regenerate from underground lignotubers or suckers from lateral roots. [37], Banksia marginata is found from Baradine and Gibraltar Range National Park in northern New South Wales,[33] southwards into Victoria and South Australia, as well as across Tasmania. Banksia marginata is fine on clay soil, as long as it drains. rosseraeは砂漠に生育する。 Agave ovatifolia and Delosperma Rainfall in the Pacific Northwest takes an annual break during our summers when days are longest and hottest and evaporation far exceeds anything that falls from the sky. It has rough patterned bark and long green leaves with a silver underside. [77][78], Tree or woody shrub in the family Proteaceae found throughout much of southeastern Australia, Cultivars 'Mini Marg' (left) and 'Mallacoota Dwarf' (right), Ngario Plant Use in The Snowy River Catchment Page 14, Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, "Selfed seed set and inbreeding depression in obligate seeding populations of, "Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in, "Ecology of Sydney plant species. [59] Clusters of fine proteoid roots up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long arise from these lateral roots. [9] Plants have been recorded at altitudes ranging from sea level to as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft) AHD at Mount Field National Park. This distinctive native tree is found on the east coast of Australia. dentata. Some varieties from drier areas seem to do poorly in areas of summer humidity. アルファベット順のバンクシアの種の種の、英語での一般名とGeorge (1999) で種として認識されていないものも含めたリストは英語版のバンクシア属の種のリストを参照。, 大きくて見栄えのする花序と、大量に生産される蜜が鳥類や小型の哺乳類を引き寄せるために、バンクシアはオーストラリアではポピュラーな庭木である。 It can be leggy in shadier positions, or a more compact bushy shrub in full sun . [40][42] They are serotinous, storing their seed in old cones, forming a seedbank in their canopy which is released after bushfire. Banksia marginata,[1] commonly known as the silver banksia, is a species of tree or woody shrub in the plant genus Banksia found throughout much of southeastern Australia. seminudaとB. Banksia marginata, commonly known as the silver banksia, is a species of tree or woody shrub in the plant genus Banksia found throughout much of southeastern Australia. 最近の権威ある梗概であるGeorge (1999) では76種がリストに上っている。その後でB. The narrow leaves are linear and the yellow inflorescence (flower spikes) occur from late Summer to early Winter. MATERIALS *Installed by purchaser Bluestone, stacked bond 600mm x 300mm 5 Silver Banksias will grow to the size of a large shrub and and good for screening. Pale yellow, cylinder-shaped flowers can be seen in summer to winter and can be up to 12cm long. integrifoliaはどちらも森林に生える。, 多くの種は海岸では生育が良好ではないが、ごく最近記載されたB. I have clay and am growing 5, all doing well. [50] It grows in coastal habitats that would be occupied by Banksia integrifolia on the mainland. [29][30][31] Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele rearranged the genus Banksia by merging Dryandra into it, and published B. subg. A field study found that seeds were dispersed short distances (generally 8 m [26 ft] or less), with those closest to the parent plant faring the best. [26], The current taxonomic arrangement of the genus Banksia is based on botanist Alex George's 1999 monograph for the Flora of Australia book series. [22] Brown's other collections which were reduced to synonymy with B. marginata were Banksia depressa R.Br., a prostrate shrub from Margate Rivulet in southeastern Tasmania, Banksia insularis R.Br., from Flinders and King Island, and Banksia patula R.Br., a shrub from the vicinity of Port Lincoln, South Australia. [44] In South Gippsland, it is generally a shrub which regenerates from a lignotuber or suckers after bushfire and sets few seed. Banksia marginata bright used as an semi formal hedge cal ecology and are listed as environmental weeds by our local council. 庭木で一般的なものには、ワラム・バンクシア (Wallum Banksia, B. aemula) 、ソー・バンクシア (Saw Banksia, B. serrata) と園芸品種のバンクシア・ジャイアントキャンドルズ (Banksia 'Giant Candles') などがある。 [33] A hybrid with B. saxicola was recorded from Mount William during the Banksia Atlas project. [24] Still more synonyms are Banksia ferrea Vent. [61] In Little Desert National Park in northwestern Victoria and also eastern South Australia, it grows as a low shrub which suckers (grows shoots from lateral roots) after fire. [53] Ants, bees (both native and European honeybees), blowflies and brown butterflies have been recorded as visitors to flower spikes. However, all were reclassified as a single species by George Bentham in 1870. [66] At Brisbane Ranges National Park west of Melbourne, which was invaded by Phytophthora cinnamomi in the 1970s, Banksia marginata (along with such species as Grevillea steiglitziana) was part of a secondary regrowth of understory species after more resistant shrubs such as grasses and sedges had grown back.[67]. Silver Banksia Banksia marginata, Common Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei 5. [46] Similarly, further west in the Corangamite region, it is either a tree or suckering shrub. [2] Unusually large trees of 15 to possibly 30 m (50–100 ft) have been reported near Beeac in Victoria's Western District as well as several locations in Tasmania,[3] while compact shrubs limited to 20 cm (7.9 in) high have been recorded on coastal heathland in Tasmania (such as at Rocky Cape National Park). Bentham observed that the characteristics Brown used to define B. australis, B. depressa, B. patula, and B. insularis were unable to distinguish separate forms as more specimens came to light, and hence declared them synonyms of B. marginata. The various species of Westringia are also fantastic hedge plants with coastal rosemary (Westringia fruticosa) already well established with the gardening public as a reliable hedge and screen plant. The leaves can have spiky or smooth margins. Good as an informal hedge, screen or windbreak. Its natural occurrence is throughout south-eastern Australia; from Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, through Victoria and eastern New South Wales north to Baradine and Guyra, and throughout Tasmania. penicillata. paludosa subsp. Banksia depressa R.Br. The flower spikes fade to brown and then grey and develop woody follicles bearing the winged seeds. 1891年にはクンツェ (Kunze) が小リンネの名前をSirmuelleraにしようとしたが、受け入れられなかった。 integrifoliaはそうではない。 The galls are either round to a diameter of 3.3 cm (1.3 in), or cigar-shaped to 15 cm (5.9 in). Our local banksia which is widespread across Tasmania. The new branchlets are hairy at first but lose their hairs as they mature,[2] with new growth a pale or pinkish brown. [9] The woody follicles grow in the six months after flowering, with up to 150 developing on a single flower spike. [68], The red-hued heartwood is coarse-grained and soft. [6] Established plants can withstand drought, coastal exposure and temperatures as low as −10 °C (14 °F). [6][19] Cavanilles also described another specimen collected by Née in the same locality as a different species, Banksia microstachya Cav. 多くの種の葉縁は鋸歯をもつが、少数の、たとえばB. 例外はB. Their effect on the plant is unclear. バンクシアは種子で簡単に繁殖でき、多くの種は挿木で殖やせる。 When selecting hedges always select species that will thrive in your soil type and available sunlight. [34] There is one report of a collection from the Springbrook Mountains southwest of Southport in southeastern Queensland. In the Gibraltar Range and Sydney regions, plants are killed by fire and regenerate from seed. Sometimes two may grow from successive nodes in the same flowering season. Related. [36] Stands of plants intermediate between B. integrifolia and B. marginata have been recorded near Mallacoota in East Gippsland. [5] Cylindrical in shape, they are composed of a central woody spike or axis, perpendicularly from which a large number of compact floral units arise, which measure 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tall and 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) wide. Sentinel is the Designer Plant that landscapers have had on their wishlist for a long time. [62] A field study in Gippsland found counting the nodes of Banksia marginata plants to be accurate in indicating age within a year up to 21 years since the last fire. Many species of bird, in particular honeyeaters, forage at the flower spikes, as do native and European honeybees. Although it has been used for timber, Banksia marginata is most commonly seen as a garden plant, with dwarf forms being commercially propagated and sold. [76] 'Mallacoota Dwarf' was selected from a natural population at Mallacoota, Victoria. I am growing Banksia sentinel too, and it seems fine. 南西部および西部オーストラリアは生物多様性の主要な中心であって、バンクシアの4分の3以上の種はこの地域にのみ産する。 手入れはほとんど必要ない。 integrifolia. spinulosaの亜種として扱っている。さらに、B. Agonis ‘After Dark’ Banksia marginata Dwarf Forms Carex sp. Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Hakea nodosa Yellow Hakea Hakea sericea Silky Hakea Hibbertia fasciculata var. It is considered to be the most widespread banksia in eastern Australia. [23] The French naturalist Aimé Bonpland in 1816 called it Banksia marcescens Bonpl., deemed an illegitimate name, as by that time the name Banksia marginata already had been published. BANKSIA MARGINATA to where they can and should be planted (heaths etc). It's ideal as an informal hedge, screen or windbreak. オーストラリアの多くのハーバリウム（標本庫）ではThiele and Ladiges (1996) のシステムに従っているのでこれらは種扱いであり、そのため81種があることになる。 Spathulatae. [5] The bark is pale grey and initially smooth before becoming finely tessellated with age. TREES SHRUBS HEDGE/SCREEN HEDGE/BORDER ACCENT/POTS CLIMBERS STRAP-LEAF GROUNDCOVERS LAWN ALTS. This is a dwarf form of Banksia marginata that has been cold hardy in the Portland area. Meissner divided Brown's Banksia verae, which had been renamed Eubanksia by Stephan Endlicher in 1847,[7] into four series based on leaf properties. The collection was displayed in various exhibitions, including the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889, and is housed at the Melbourne Museum. ericifoliaから、45cmの長さの葉のブル・バンクシア (B. grandis) のように非常に大きな葉を持つものまで様々である。 cunninghamii Sieber ex Reichbを種としている。 時折、装飾の用途でろくろ引きやキャビネットの羽目板をはることに使われる。 [12] The aboriginal name in the Jardwadjali language of western Victoria was warock,[13] while the Kaurna name from the Adelaide Plains was pitpauwe[14] and the local name in the Macquarie Harbour region in Tasmania was tangan. Salkin proposed this was necessary so that seed released in a summer or autumn bushfire would lie dormant over the winter months before germinating in the spring. [23], Some dwarf forms have been commercially available in Australian nurseries, although some selections do not maintain their dwarf status in cultivation. and Banksia gunnii Meisn. I … [7] Over time the flower spikes fade to brown and then grey, and the old flowers generally persist on the cone. Suitable for low hedges, rockeries and as a general low mounding garden shrub. [5] In the Sydney region, it grows in association with heath banksia (Banksia ericifolia), old man banksia (B. serrata), mountain devil (Lambertia formosa), lance-leaved geebung (Persoonia lanceolata) and dwarf apple (Angophora hispida) in heathland, and with silvertop ash (Eucalyptus sieberi), Blue Mountains ash (E. oreades), Sydney peppermint (E. piperita), scribbly gum (E. haemastoma), Blue Mountains mallee ash (E. stricta), brittle gum (E. mannifera), snow gum (E. pauciflora) and red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) in forested areas. [11], Banksia marginata is commonly called the silver banksia, because the white undersides of its leaves contrast with the otherwise green foliage and give the plant a "silvery" look. [37] In the Wombat State Forest west of Melbourne, it grows as a 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) high shrub on less fertile soils, and as a large tree to 8 m (26 ft) on more fertile soils. In a morphological cladistic analysis published in 1994, Kevin Thiele placed it as the most basal member of a newly described subseries Integrifoliae, within the series Salicinae. [1][18] The species name is the Latin adjective marginatus ("bordered") and refers to appearance of the lower surface of the recurved margins of the leaves when viewed from underneath. astroluxが現在査読中で、間もなく種のレベルに昇格されるであろう。, バンクシア属は2つの亜属に分けられる。イソスティリス亜属 (Banksia subg. Banksia marginata varies widely in habit, ranging from a 20-centimetre (7.9 in) shrub to a 12-metre (40 ft) tree. 東部オーストラリアには、産する種ははるかに少ないが、もっともよく知られていて、広く分布している種、コースト・バンクシア (B. integrifolia) とシルバー・バンクシア (B. marginata) が含まれる。, バンクシアの多くの種は砂質の土壌でよく生育し、他のものは岩の多い土壌を好む。 もう一方のバンクシア亜属は残りの種が含まれていて、バンクシア属に特徴的な穂状花序を持つ。, George (1999) に基づくバンクシア属の配列については英語版の They're also great for coastal areas, as they're naturally found by the sea and tolerate sand and salt. There are other species worth considering such as Westringia longifolia and Westringia glabra as they all have the attributes to make great hedge plants. Banksia saxicola and Banksia canei seed also share this trait. Unlike other members of the Proteaceae this small shrub likes the soil a bit richer, but that drains well. & G.Forst に対して公式に保護されることになった。, バンクシアの正確な種数は論争点になっている。 [34], A purported hybrid with B. integrifolia, thought to be from Cape Paterson on Victoria's south coast, was first described by Alf Salkin and is commercially available in small quantities. B. marginata was placed in section Eubanksia along with B. integrifolia and B. One specimen grown in a glasshouse at Kew was described as a tree 24 feet (7.3 m) high with a trunk girth of two feet (60 cm) at 40 years of age. イソスティリス亜属の頭状花序は表面的にはドリアンドラ属 (Dryandra) のものに似ていて、この亜属はドリアンドラ属との進化的な関連性を示すものと考えられている。 Description: Depending on its habitat, this species can vary in form from a dense shrub 1.8m tall and spreading 4m, to a tree growing to 12m in Height:. The resulting seedling first grows two obovate cotyledon leaves, which may remain for several months as several more leaves appear. 松ぼっくりのような果実の集合体は輪切りにしてコースターとして、海外からの観光客相手の土産物になっている。, 南西オーストラリアの原住民は花から蜜を吸う。また、材の中の甲虫の幼虫を食用にする。, https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=バンクシア&oldid=62586277. The key to cold hardiness is to establish the plant well. It forms an attractive hardy low-growing plant to 1 m (3.3 ft). "Variation in, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 16:54. [7] The cotyledons of Banksia marginata, B. paludosa and B. integrifolia are very similar in appearance. Silver Banksia. Meissner's four series were replaced by four sections based on leaf, style and pollen-presenter characters. [34] Both pollen and nectar are consumed by the southwestern pygmy possum (Cercarteus concinnus). Some populations are serotinous: they are killed by fire and regenerate from large stores of seed which have been held in cones in the plant canopy and are released after a fire. また、小型のボートの竜骨を作るのに使われてきた。 The heat from a warm oven or barbeque will open the banksia cones Isostylis) とバンクシア亜属 (Banksia subg. dentataでオーストラリア北部からニューギニア、アルー諸島 (Aru Islands) に広がっている。 [60], The response of Banksia marginata to fire is variable. [15], A widely distributed and diverse plant, B. marginata was described independently and given many different names by early explorers. [7] Pale yellow in colour, they are composed of up to 1,000 individual flowers (784 recorded in the Gibraltar Range[5]) and arise from nodes on branchlets that are at least three years old. Banksia marginata 'Silver Banksia' A classic woody native Australian shrub, Banksias are great for a low maintenance garden and create interest with their recognizable flower cones. [48], Banksia marginata grows on a variety of soil types, from clay loams, shale and peaty loams to sandy or rocky soils composed of quartzite, sandstone, limestone or granite, although sandier soils predominate. It ranges from the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia to north of Armidale, New South Wales, … He listed six species and a further four varieties all now sunk into B. marginata in series Salicinae. The flowers are borne from spring to … He had collected this form from Revesby in New South Wales as well as Cape Paterson, and had received reports of similar plants at Marlo and Bemm Rivers. Banksia ‘Giant Candles’ Kangaroo paw cut flower tip video Trench Layering of Callistemon -video Prickly Moses wattle Acacia ulicifolia to attract small birds to your garden Hairpin banksia (Banksia spinulosa) to attract small nectar Banksia integrifolia - Coastal Banksia Banksia marginata - Silver Banksia Eucalyptus pauciflora - Snow Gum Eucalyptus pryoriana - Coast Manna Gum Eucalyptus radiata - … proteoidの根が土壌の肥料の多さで損傷を受けるためである。, 種苗産業以外では、バンクシアは商業価値はあまりない。 [72], B. marginata is generally fairly easy to grow in a well-drained sunny or partly-shaded position in the garden. Banksia was redefined as encompassing taxa lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons. いくつかの種は野生植物園で育ち、花序は切り花として収穫される。 [38][39] In the vicinity of Adelaide, it was common in the western suburbs on old sand dunes behind the beach foredunes. This Australian native tree has a dense growth habit with long green leaves bearing silver undersides. Hedge/Screen from Melbourne wholesale advanced plant nursery, specialising in advanced and semi-advanced container grown plants, trees & shrubs. [7], The complex flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appear generally from late summer to early winter (February to June) in New South Wales and Victoria, although flowering occurs in late autumn and winter in the Gibraltar Range. [41] Plants here have some degree of self-compatibility. [43] It is a common shrub, sometimes small tree, in heathy and shrubby forests as well as coastal scrub and heath in part of its range. [73] Propagation of plants can be by seed or cuttings; the latter is essential if trying to replicate plants of particular habit (such as dwarf specimens). 葉は枝に不規則ならせん状に並ぶのが普通だが、いくつかの種では輪生に集まる。, バンクシアはその特徴的な穂状花序と、花の後にできる木質の果実によって容易に認識できる。花序は柔毛質の覆いのある木質の軸でできている。通常は直立しているが、いくつかの種では垂下している。これは、軸に対して直角に着いた、密に配列した花によって覆われる。単一の花序で1000以上の花が含まれる。, バンクシアの花は通常は黄色の色調を持つが、橙色、赤や桃色の花もある。花の色は花被または花柱によって決まる。花柱は花被よりかなり長く、初期には花被の上部で引っかかる。数日かけて上部から、または下部（の花）から離れていく。花柱と花被の色が異なっている場合、花序の上と下で花の色が異なって見える効果をもたらす。, 時間が経つと、花は乾燥していき褐色の色調が強くなる。いくつかの種では古い花は脱落し、柔毛質の軸が現れる。他の種では数年にわたって花は宿存し、毛の生えた花序の姿が残る。古い花序は球果（厳密にはソテツと球果類のみにある）とよばれる。, 花序が巨大で花の数が多いにもかかわらず、果実をつけるものは少数で、全く果実をつけない花序もある。バンクシアの果実は「球果」に並んだ木質の袋果である。果実は水平に並んだ弁状の構造が種子を堅くつつんでいる。袋果は縫合から裂けて種子を放出するが、いくつかの種では弁も裂開する。果実は種子が熟したときに裂開するものもあるが、多くの種では山火事によって刺激を受けたときにのみ裂ける。袋果はふつうは小さな種子を二つ含んでおり、くさび形の紙質の翼をもっていて落下するときに回転するようになっている。, 1種を除きバンクシアはオーストラリアに固有である。 George (1999) もTheile and Ladiges (1996) もこれをB. B. marginata's placement within Banksia may be summarised as follows: Since 1998, American botanist Austin Mast and co-authors have been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae, which then comprised genera Banksia and Dryandra. Banksia marginata resolves as the closest relative, or "sister", to B. saxicola, the two taxa part of a larger group containing B. paludosa and the three subspecies of B. Banksia insularis R.Br. [17] The species marginata was first collected by Luis Née in 1793, from somewhere between Sydney and Parramatta. さらにHarden (2002) はB. Banksia marginata is a highly variable species, usually ranging from a small shrub around a metre (3 ft) tall to a 12-metre-high (39 ft) tree. [34] The wasp Mesostoa kerri of the subfamily Mesostoinae within the family Braconidae causes stem galls on B. marginata in southeastern South Australia. It grows in various habitats, including Eucalyptus forest, scrub, heathland and moorland. Moist but well drained clay loam or sandy soils are all good for Sentinel, and cold temperate to tropical climates will suit it. No distinct subspecies have been recognised by Banksia expert Alex George, who nonetheless concedes that further work is needed. 前者の亜属はいずれも西オーストラリア産の3つの近縁な種を含む。この3種はいずれもバンクシアの特徴の穂状花序のかわりに頭状の花序を持つ。 As with most banksias, anthesis is acropetal; the opening of the individual buds proceeds up the flower spike from the base to the top. Informal hedges are usually planted with mixed species, have multiple layers and are planted at wider spacing to reduce maintenance. Banksia) である。 In Bentham's arrangement, the number of recognised Banksia species was reduced from 60 to 46. [42], All banksias have developed proteoid or cluster roots in response to the nutrient-poor conditions of Australian soils (particularly lacking in phosphorus). It was grown at Kew, Cambridge Botanic Gardens, Woburn Abbey and private gardens in Chelsea, Hackney and Haringay House. Banksia marginata [LOCAL] Large shrub to small tree 3-5mH x 2-3mW with silver backed leaves and yellow flowers in autumn and winter. [34] It is extremely rare in southwestern New South Wales. [64] Plant species from communities dependent on fire are thought to self-select to be more flammable; Banksia marginata tested from a dry sclerophyll community in southeastern Tasmania was shown to burn readily, and fire would spread easily through it. Login Plant … Acmena ‘Allyn Magic’ Allyn Magic 0.5m 200mm M HEDGE/SCREEN Agave attenuata Lion’s Tail 0.5-1.5m 200mm ROOF/CRIME Asplenium nidus Birds Nest Fern 1-2m 200mm SHADY Banksia marginata Silver Banksia … [35] Salkin observed an intermediate form which occurred in coastal areas where Banksia marginata and B. integrifolia are found together. 低木のバンクシアは普通は直立するが、いくつかの種は地表または地中を匍匐する茎を持つ。, バンクシアの葉は種によって大きく異なる。 Banksia integrifolia Coastal Banksia Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum Eucalyptus pryoriana Coast Manna Gum Eucalyptus radiate … [27] However, this subgrouping of the Salicinae was not supported by George. [10] Each follicle contains one or two fertile seeds, between which lies a woody dark brown separator of similar shape to the seeds. [7] In coastal and floodplain populations, these usually open spontaneously and release seed, while they generally remain sealed until burnt by fire in plants from heathland and montane habitats. Banksia marginata - Silver Banksia 1-10 m h 1-5 m w Eucalyptus leucoxylon - Bellarine Yellow Gum up to 12 m h Eucalyptus viminalis - Coast Manna Gum 8-16 m h Melaleuca lanceolata - … It makes sense to seek out plants that are adapted to dry summer conditions. リバー・バンクシア (B. seminuda) は水系に沿った肥沃なroamを好む点で例外的である。 他の種は2つの地理的区分に分布している。南西部および西部オーストラリアと東部オーストラリアである。 しかし、George (1999) は以前にThiele and Ladiges (1996) によって種のレベルを与えられていた4分類群を種より下のランクに置いている。 The seed pods stay on … Calling it the Wilsons Promontory topodeme, he noted that it colonised sand dunes, had leaves similar to but narrower than integrifolia, and had persisting flowers on old spikes but not as persistent as marginata. & G.Forstとして、現在はPimeliaの名前で知られているものに対して発表されている。 This attribute might have allowed them to survive cold periods in Tasmania during the Pleistocene. ex Spreng. This is the upright form which makes a large shrub or small tree which is lovely as a specimen, or clips well as a hedge … 属名は、初めてのバンクシアの標本を1770年にジェームズ・クックの最初の航海中に採集していた、イギリスの植物学者ジョゼフ・バンクス卿 (Sir Joseph Banks) にちなんでいる。, バンクシアの名前は実際には1775年にBanksia J.R.Forst. Banksia marginata was first described by Antonio Jose Cavanilles in 1800. Banksia marginata Buxus sempervirens Dodonea viscosa Grevillea 'Murray Queen' Jovellana violacea Kolkwitzia amabilis Kunzea ambigua Laurus nobilis 'Sweet Bay' … [8] Leaves also have sunken stomates. It remains common in the Adelaide foothills. [47], In Tasmania, Banksia marginata occupies a wide range of habitats, in mixed forest (where it grows as a small tree), button grass moorlands, flood plains of the Loddon, Franklin and Huon Rivers, as well as coastal regions. In 1800, the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles gave the species the binomial name it still bears today. Frost and dry hardy, full sun to part shade. The plant was often used by many indigenous clans and tribes throughout the east coast of Australia. 13" pot size. [56][57] Several species of fungus have been recorded growing on the foliage, including Acrospermum gaubae, Argopericonia elegans, Asterina systema-solare, Botryosphaeria banksiae, a species of Cladosporium, Cooksonomyces banksiae, Dimerium banksiae, Episphaerella banksiae, a Periconiella species, Satchmopsis australiensis, Tryssglobulus aspergilloides, and a species of Veronaea. Banksia marginata, otherwise known as Silver Banksia and Honeysuckle, belongs to the Proteaceae family. Wikisource has original works on the topic: Salkin, Abraham Isaac (Alf) (1979). During the winter months, segments around 30 cm (0.98 ft) in length develop vegetative buds capable of forming suckers. in January 1777. [48] In parts of the west and southwest of Tasmania, the species is dominant within the threatened native vegetation community known as Banksia marginata wet scrub. baxteri). Banksia microstachya Cav. [34] Banksia marginata often grew as a large tree on the basalt plains west of Melbourne, but has almost disappeared. Marginata refers to the margins of the underside of the leaves which are slightly 蜜は養蜂業者が求めるものではあるが、それは蜜の品質ではなく、他の蜜源が足りないときに豊富な蜜を提供するからである。, バンクシアの材は赤色で魅力的な組織をしているが、乾燥のときにひどく変形するのであまり使われることはない。 A smaller shrub with dentate leaves, this turned out to be an immature plant of the same species with juvenile leaves. Banksia marginata ‘Minimarg’ A very tough dwarf Banksia that adapts well to a wide range of soil and climate types. [6], In the Gibraltar Range National Park, it is a dominant shrub of open heathland and a non-dominant shrub of closed heath,[40] mostly found in swampy heath associated with sedges. In addition, the yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) feeds on the seed. BNm Banksia marginata Silver Banksia 5m x 3m 25L/300mm 1.5/m² BNsp Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia 3m x 3m 25L/300mm 1.5/m² Ckp Callistemon 'King's Park Special' Bottlebrush 2-4m x 3-4m 25L/300mm 1.5/m² A lot of mature seed that remains in the cones will need to be heat treated to remove. A large selection of these plants are from the Mediterranean or are natives of the West Coast. 東オーストラリアの多くの種は高地に生育する一方で、西オーストラリアの種ではただ一種スターリング・レンジ・バンクシア (Stirling Range Banksia, B. solandriのみが高地に生える。, バンクシアは大量に蜜を生産するので、蜜を食料とする動物の重要な食物資源である。ミツスイ科やhoney possum、pygmy possum、コウモリなどである。これらの動物はバンクシアの花粉媒介に貢献している。, 他に関連する動物相には、ガやゾウムシの幼虫が「球果」や袋果に穿孔して種子を食用にし、pupateが袋果に穿孔する。また、鳥ではcockatooが「球果」を壊して種子と幼虫を食用にする。, バンクシアにとって脅威になるのは、山火事である。バンクシアの種のおよそ半分が山火事で死亡するが、火事を発芽の刺激にして世代更新する。他の種はふつうは山火事を生き延びるが、非常に厚い樹皮を持っていて幹を炎から守るか、lignotuberがあって火災後に発芽するか、いずれかである。いずれの場合も、頻繁でなければ火災は問題にならないが、頻繁であれば実生が結実年齢に達する前に死んでしまうので個体数を減らしてしまう。, バンクシアの他の脅威として、（以前は菌類と思われた）卵菌類の Phytophthora cinnamomi が根を腐らせる。proteoid root は貧栄養の土壌でバンクシアが育つのに役に立っているが、根腐れに関係があると疑われている。, B. chamaephytonは以前はrareだと宣言されたが、新しい個体群が発見されたためリストから除外された。モニターは継続されている。, バンクシア属は小リンネによって1782年4月にSupplementum Plantarum systematis vegetabiliumの中で記載命名された。 1940年にはスプレーグ (T. A. Sprague) によって、Banksia L.f.がBanksia J.R.Forst. You can also grow it as a small windbreak or clip it as a neat hedge. [14] The annual rainfall over its distribution ranges from 400 to 1,000 mm (16 to 39 in). 多くの種はヒースや低地の疎林に生えるが、B. The leaf undersurface is white with a prominent midrib covered in brownish hairs. [4] Shrubs reach only 2 m (6.6 ft) high in Gibraltar Range National Park. Plants do not appear to live longer than 25 years;[62][63] after this time the ageing plants begin to die and are succeeded by younger plants arising from suckers around the parent. 1–1½ cmの長さで細い、エリカのような葉をつけるB. The margins become entire with age, and the tip is most commonly truncate or emarginate, but can be acute or mucronate. In many populations, only a few follicles develop. [42], It is widespread as an understory species in medium rainfall eucalypt forests across Victoria, occurring in association with manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis), narrow-leaf peppermint (E. radiata), messmate (E. obliqua), swamp gum (E. ovata) and brown stringybark (E. [21] He described Banksia australis R.Br., giving the location of the collection as Port Phillip Bay in Victoria in 1802 (having crossed out Van Diemen's Land 1804). [9] Alternate common names include honeysuckle and dwarf honeysuckle. On his third voyage, Captain James Cook reported a "most common tree [...] about ten feet high, branching pretty much, with narrow leaves, and a large, yellow, cylindrical flower, consisting only of a vast number of filaments; which, being shed, leave a fruit like a pine top." The wood was also used to make needles and the dried flowers were used to strain the water for drinking. [1], By the time Carl Meissner published his 1856 arrangement of the genus, there were 58 described Banksia species. [14] The soil types are of a wide range of pH, from highly acidic soils in the Grampians to alkaline soils in South Australia. Measuring 0.9–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) in length, the seed is egg- to wedge-shaped (obovate to cuneate) and composed of a dark brown 0.8–1.1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) wide membranous "wing" and wedge- or sickle-shaped (cuneate–falcate) seed proper which measures 0.5–0.8 cm (0.2–0.3 in) long by 0.3–0.4 cm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The narrow adult leaves are dull green in colour and generally linear, oblong or wedge-shaped (cuneate) and measure 1.5–6 cm (0.6–2.4 in) long and 0.3–1.3 cm (0.1–0.5 in) wide. [32], Hybridisation with Banksia conferta subsp. The seed surface can be smooth or covered in tiny ridges, and often glistens. バンクシアの分類を参照。 [2] It is restricted to sandy soils in the Adelaide region. [7] B. marginata can also interbreed with B. paludosa where they are found together. From lateral roots m ( 6.6 ft ) in length develop vegetative buds capable of forming suckers it still today! Months after flowering, with up to 12cm long dwarf cultivar 'Mini Marg ', have also been used bonsai! 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