Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen – Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians: Abdul Ghaffar Khan (born in British India and later citizen of Pakistan) and Nelson Mandela, born in and citizen of South Africa. A Division bench comprising Chief Justice D.H. Waghela and Justice B.V. Nagarathna dismissed the petition stating that the subject is not amenable to any adjudication process and the nominations and conferment process is stated to be informal and in the discretion of the highest authority in the Government. A maximum of three nominees is awarded this prestigious award each year. [b] On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. [3][17], Although there is no formal nomination process, recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President with a maximum number of three nominees being awarded per year. Bharat Ratna 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (for his contributions to welfare economics) [5] The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute, and Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1966. Several bestowals of the award have met with criticism. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award. Jayaprakash Narayan died on 8 October 1979, at the age of 76. In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Furthermore, the then presidents, Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1987–92) and Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–97), had not conferred a Sanad (certificate) with their signature and seal. Following a 1997 Supreme Court decision, the press communiqué announcing Bose's award was cancelled; it is the only time when the award was announced but not conferred. Sudipta Bhattacharya, president of the … [40][36], The posthumous conferments of the award on the recipients who died before the Indian independence in 1947 or the award was instituted in 1954 have been criticised by historians. [4] The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations. It said that the award cannot be conferred to Bose posthumously as the Government had not officially accepted his death on 18 August 1945. He worked on the causes of famine and developed practical solutions for preventing shortages of … The recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion. Widely credited as the "nightingale of India", The recipient of Honorary Doctorates from 63 Universities including, Having debuted in 1989, Tendulkar played 664, Scholar and educational reformer Malaviya is a founder of, Parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected nine times to the, Mukherjee was an Indian politician who served as the, Hazarika (8 September 1926 – 5 November 2011) was an Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet and film-maker from, Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh also known as Nanaji Deshmukh (11 October 1916 – 27 February 2010) was a social activist from. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Aruna Asaf Ali died on 29 July 1996, at the age of 87. Sen was born in Shantiniketan, West Bengal November 1933. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President. They hold informative and entertaining content that is of general or special interest. [46] The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [20], As with many official announcements, recipients are announced and registered in The Gazette of India, a publication released by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices; without publication in the Gazette, conferral of the award is not considered official. In a report published by Quartz, Amartya Sen states that he has always been a firm believer in democracy and applauds its vast progress since Independence.He has always maintained that it is the most stable way of governance. The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. New Delhi: "Despotic and authoritarian" is how Nobel Laureate and Bharat Ratna Amartya Sen describes the decision to abruptly ban 500- and 1000-rupee notes. [7] In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. [14][15] The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed, one in the Kerala High Court and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court, challenging the "constitutional validity" of the awards. Earlier, Abul Kalam Azad had refused the Bharat Ratna while he was the. [31][32], To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. [44], A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition. Desai had earlier abolished the awards while he was in the office of Prime Minister for it being "worthless and politicised". The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended from July 1977 to January 1980, during the change in the national government; and for a second time from August 1992 to December 1995, when several public-interest litigations challenged the constitutional validity of the awards. All three of them, in their sixties, were still relatively young. Often titled as "Rajarshi", Tandon was an independence activist and served as speaker of the. Bharat Ratna Awards have long been considered as the highest civilian awards that are conferred upon distinctive personalities. Recipients whose awards have been revoked are required to surrender their medals, and their names are struck from the register. [11] The first suspension occurred after Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister in 1977. Nanaji Deshmukh (2019) - (Posthumous) Nanaji Deshmukh, a social activist was known for his immense contributions in the field of education, health and rural self reliance. Cryptocurrency functions the same way as regular currencies do in that its used as a means of exchange, unit of account and a store of va →, Headquarter: New Delhi Function of the Organization: The Medical Council of India was established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933, now repealed, with the main function of establishing uniform standards of higher qualifications in medicine and recognition of medical qualifications →, If you contribute your content to our site. [51][52] This was immediately followed by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) lobbying for their leader, Jyoti Basu, former Chief Minister of West Bengal. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen has denied making any phone call — introducing himself as “Bharat Ratna Amartya Sen” — to Visva-Bharati Vice-Chancellor … [2][22] The Bharat Ratna medals are produced at Alipore Mint, Kolkata along with the other civilian and military awards like Padma Vibushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Param Veer Chakra. The petitioner requested the whereabouts of Bose from 18 August 1945 to date, based on the information collected by the 1956 Shah Nawaz Committee and the 1970 Khosla Commission. Gandhi was the sixth Prime Minister of India serving from 1984 to 1989. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. Hazarika died on 5 November 2011, at the age of 85. Bharat Ratna Awardees (1947-2020) The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were politician C. Rajagopalachari, philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and scientist C. V. Raman, who were honoured in 1954. Amartya Sen, the recipient of the Nobel Prize and the Bharat Ratna Puruskar, is definitely one of the most treasured Indian citizens. This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 14:01. [36][37] The decision was criticised for awarding Ramachandran before independence activist B. R. Ambedkar and Vallabhbhai Patel, who were bestowed the honour in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Head Quarter: Geneva, Switzerland Director-General: Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus Member Country: 194 WHO began when our Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 – a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day. [27][c], On 4 December 2013, the Election Commission rejected the petition stating that conferring the award on people from non-polling states did not amount to a violation of the code. [12][13] The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award. "Truth alone triumphs"), inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge. Mr Bhattacharya stated that the VC had claimed during a recent online meeting with the faculty that he had got a phone call from a person who introduced himself as "Bharat Ratna Amartya Sen… The words "Bharat Ratna" on the obverse side remained the same as the 1954 design as did the emblem of India and "Satyameva Jayate" on the reverse side. Amartya Sen Biography . The award was proposed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K. R. Narayanan who agreed to the proposal. [44] The then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96) was criticised for bestowing the award upon Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991, 41 years after his death in 1950; and upon Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, who died in 1945. [55] In September 2015, regional political party Shiv Sena demanded the award for the independence activist Vinayak Damodar Savarkar stating that he had been "deliberately neglected by previous governments" but his family clarified that they are not making such demand and that the freedom fighter is known for his contribution towards independence movement and did not need an award for recognition. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 48 individuals, including 16 who were awarded posthumously. During his… He is a Fellow and former Master of Trinity College, Cambridge and was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 and India’s Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics. Economist Amartyasen (File photo) India; The teacher body of Visva-Bharati University called the patriarchs claim on Amartya Sen unfounded The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. Bharat Ratna Winners List 1947-2020 (Latest List) Pranab Mukherjee (2019):-He is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017.Nanaji Deshmukh (2019):-He was a social activist from India.He worked in the … From 2004, he went on to head three crucial ministries - external affairs, defence and finace. [5] The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Independence activist, lawyer, statesman, and scholar, Independence activist and education philosopher, Husain served as a Vice Chancellor of, Known as the "King Maker", Kamaraj was an independence activist and statesman. It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka,[41] Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore,[42] Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda,[43] and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. SANTINIKETAN: Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen on Tuesday responded to Visva-Bharati vice-chancellor Bidyut Chakraborty’s reported comments about him, made at an online faculty meeting last week, calling the remarks “absurd”. [29] Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously after he was assassinated by LTTE in 1991. Sen won the Nobel in economics in 1998 and was awarded Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, the next year. [35], In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on movie actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran, in a bid to influence voters prior to the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1989. The posthumous award for M. G. Ramachandran (1988) was considered to have been aimed at placating the voters for the upcoming assembly election and posthumous awards of Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015) and Vallabhbhai Patel (1991) drew criticism because they died before the award was instituted. ", "Freedom of Expression: Indians are Becoming Increasingly Intolerant", "Uneasy lies crown that awaits Ratna—Advani proposes Vajpayee's name, method and timing fuel murmurs", "Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal", "Jyoti Basu can be given Bharat Ratna: CPI (M)", "Shiv Sena starts drive to collect 10 lakh signatures to get Bharat Ratna for Vinayak Damodar Savarkar", "Shiv Sena demands Bharat Ratna for Veer Savarkar", "Savarkar doesn't need an award for recognition, says grand-nephew", "Fans hold rally demanding Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand", "Dhyan Chand, not Sachin Tendulkar, is Sports Ministry's choice for Bharat Ratna", "National Rifle Association of India recommends Abhinav Bindra for Bharat Ratna", "Sports ministry recommended Dhyan Chand for Bharat Ratna", "I have no hope of Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand now: Ashok Kumar", "Dhyan Chand deserved Bharat Ratna more than Sachin", "Bharat Ratna: If Sachin Tendulkar deserves it then why not Dhyan Chand? Amartya Sen was born in a Hindu family in Bengal, British India, in the district of modern day Bangladesh, Manikganj. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. [4] The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. [58][60] However, in November 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar became the first sports-person to receive the honour and this garnered much criticism for the government. [2] On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a "Bharat Ratna during the phone call. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (2015) - Ex-prime Minister and one of the best parliamentarian for over four decades. The text "Bharat Ratna", in Devanagari Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. Kolkata, Dec 16 (PTI) An organisation of the teachers of Visva-Bharati on Wednesday alleged that its Vice-Chancellor Prof Bidyut Chakraborty made baseless comments against economist Amartya Sen that the Nobel laureate urged him to stop hawker eviction drive from near his Santiniketan residence and introduced himself as a Bharat Ratna during the phone call. Amartya Sen, also called the Conscience of the professional Nobel Prize winner widely known for his work in the [. [38] While Ravi Shankar was accused of lobbying for the award,[39] the decision by Indira Gandhi to posthumously honour K. Kamaraj was considered to have been aimed at placating Tamil voters for the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1977. [8][a] As of 2015[update], the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. He established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started. M. G. Ramachandran died on 24 December 1987, at the age of 70. Lal Bahadur Shastri died on 11 January 1966, at the age of 61. [57] In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the Prime Minister's Office. The Bharat Ratna started being awarded in 1954. [16], Following the announcement, in November 2013, that C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar were to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, multiple PILs were filed challenging the conferring of the award. Bharat Ratna Award was instituted on 02 January 1954; earlier, this award was awarded for the outstanding service/ performance of the highest order in the arts, literature, science, and public services. [49][50], Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President,[4] there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. A platinum State Emblem of India was placed in the center of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" in Devanagari Script (Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते; lit. The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: [bʰaːɾət̪ rət̪nə]; Jewel of India)[1] is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. [34] Other High Courts as well rejected the petitions raised against Rao and Tendulkar. 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